-Rizal’s bold return to Manila in June, 1892 was his second homecoming
-Rizal firmly believed that the fight for Filipino liberties had assumed a new phase: it must be fought in the Philippines not in Spain. “The battlefield is in the Philippines,” he told countrymen in Europe, “There is where we should meet… There we will help one another, there together we will suffer or triumph perhaps.”
ARRIVAL IN MANILA WITH SISTER
· June 26, 1892- Sunday at 12:00 noon, Rizal and his widowed sister Lucia (wife of late Mariano Herbosa)
arrived in Manila
·...
Martes, Setyembre 17, 2013
DECISION TO RETURN TO MANILA
· May, 1892- Rizal made up his mind to return to Manila.
· This decision was spurred by the following: (1) to confer with Governor Despujol regarding his Borneo
colonization project (2) to establish the La Liga Filipina in Manila (3) to prove that Eduardo de Lete was
wrong in attacking him in Madrid that he (Rizal), being comfortable and safe in Hong Kong, had abandoned the country’s cause
· Lete’s attack, which was printed in La Solidaridad on April 15, 1892, portrayed Rizal as cowardly, egoistic, opportunistic—a patriot in words only
· June 20,...
WRITINGS IN HONG KONG
· “Ang Mga Karapatan Nang Tao- which is a Tagalog translation of “The Rights of Man” proclaimed by
the French Revolution in 1789
· “A la Nacion Española” (To the Spanish Nation)- Rizal wrote in 1891, which is an appeal to Spain to
right the wrongs done to the Calamba tenants
· “Sa Mga Kababayan” (To my Countrymen)- another proclamation written in December, 1891
explaining the Calamba agrarian situation
· The Hong Kong Telegraph- a British daily newspaper whose editor is Mr. Frazier Smith, a friend of
Rizal
-Rizal contributed articles to this newspaper
·...
BORNEO COLONIZATION PROJECT
· Rizal planned to move the landless Filipino families Filipino families to North Borneo (Sabah), rich British owned island and carve out of its virgin wildness a “New Calamba”
· March 7, 1892- Rizal went to Sandakan on board the ship Menon to negotiate with the British authorities
for the establishment of a Filipino colony
· Rizal looked over the land up the Bengkoka River in Maradu Bay which was offered by the British North
Borneo Company
· April 20, 1892- Rizal was back in Hong Kong
· Hidalgo- Rizal’s brother-in-law, objected to the colonization...
OPHTHALMIC SURGEON IN HONG KONG (1891-1892)
-Rizal left Europe for Hong Kong, where he lived from November, 1891 to June, 1892. His reasons for leaving Europe were (1) life was unbearable in Europe because of his political differences with M.H. del Pilar and other Filipinos in Spain (2) to be near his idolized Philippines and family
· October 3, 1891-two weeks after the publication of Fili, Rizal left Ghent for Paris, where he stayed a few days to say goodbye to the Lunas, the Pardo de Taveras, the Venturas and other friends; Rizal
proceeded by train to Marseilles
· October 18, 1891- Rizal...
COMPARISON BETWEEN NOLI ME TANGERE and EL FILIBUSTERISMO
· The original intention of Rizal was to make the Fili longer than the Noli
· The friends of Rizal and our Rizalistas today differ in opinion as to which is the superior novel—the Noli or the Fili. Rizal himself considered the Noli as superior to the Fili as a novel, thereby agreeing with M.H. del Pilar who had the same opinion
· September 22, 1891-four days after the Fili came off the press, Rizal wrote to Blumentritt: “I am thinking of writing...
EL FILIBUSTERISMO PUBLISHED IN GHENT (1891)
-Rizal was busy revising and polishing the manuscript of El Filibusterismo so that it could be ready for the press
-Rizal had begun writing it in October, 1887, while practicing medicine in Calamba, the following year (1888), in London; he made some changes in the plot and corrected some chapters already written. He wrote more chapters in Paris and Madrid, and finished the manuscript in Biarritz on March 29, 1891. It took him, therefore, three years...
BIARRITZ VACATION
-To seek solace for his disappointments in Madrid, Rizal took a vacation in the resort city of Biarritz on the fabulous French Riviera. He was a guest of the rich Boustead family at its winter residence—Villa Eliada
· February, 1891- Rizal arrived in Biarritz
· Frustrated in romance, Rizal found consolation in writing. Evidently, while wooing Nellie and enjoying so “many magnificent moonlight nights” with her, he kept working on his second novel which he began to write in Calamba 1887
· March 29, 1891- the eve of his departure from Biarritz to...
MISFORTUNES IN MADRID (1890-91)
-Early in August, 1890, Rizal arrived in Madrid
-Upon arrival in Madrid, Rizal immediately sought help of the Filipino colony, The Asociacion Hispano-Filipina, and the liberal Spanish newspaper in securing justice for the oppressed Calamba tenants
· El Resumen- a Madrid newspaper which sympathized with the Filipino cause, said: “To cover the ear,
open the purse, and fold the arms—this is the Spanish colonial policy
· La Epoca- an anti-Filipino newspaper in Madrid
1. Jose Ma. Panganiban, his talented co-worker in the Propaganda Movement, died in...
IN BELGIAN BRUSSELS (1890)
-January 28, 1890- Rizal left Paris for Brussels, capital of Belgium
-Two reasons impelled Rizal to leave Paris, namely (1) the cost of living in Paris was very high because of the Universal Exposition (2) the gay social life of the city hampered his literary works, especially the writing of his second novel, El Filibusterismo
LIFE IN BRUSSELS
· Rizal was accompanied by Jose Albert when he moved to Brussels. They lived in a modest boarding
house on 38 Rue Philippe Champagne, which was run by two Jacoby sisters (Suzanne and Marie). Later Albert,...
ANNOTATED EDITION OF MORGA PUBLISHED
· Rizal’s outstanding achievement in Paris was the publication in 1890 of his annotated edition of Morga’s Sucesos, which he wrote in the British Museum. It was printed by Garnier Freres. The prologue was written by Professor Blumentritt upon the request of Rizal
· Rizal dedicated his new edition of Morga to the Filipino people so that they would know of their glorious past
· The title page of Rizal’s annotated edition of Morga reads: “Paris, Liberia de Garnier Hermanos, 1890”
· The Philippines Within a Century-article written by Rizal which he...
RIZAL’S SECOND SOJOURN IN PARIS AND THE UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION IN 1889
-In March, 1889, it was extremely difficult for a visitor to find living quarters in Paris
· Valentin Ventura- a friend of Rizal where he lived—No. 45 Rue Maubeuge, where he polished his
annotated edition of Morga’s book
· Rizal used most of his time in the reading room of the Bibliotheque Nationale (National Library) checking up his historical annotations on Morga’s book
· Rizal was a good friend of the three Pardo de Taveras—Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera, a physician by vocation and philologist by avocation, Dr. Felix Pardo de Tavera, also...
WRITINGS IN LONDON
· While busy in research studies at the British Museum, Rizal received news on Fray Rodriguez’ unabated attack on his Noli
· La Vision del Fray Rodriguez (The Vision of Fray Rodriguez)-pamphlet wrote by Rizal which
published in Barcelona under his nom-de-plume Dimas Alang in order to defense his novel
-In La Vision del Fray Rodriguez, Rizal demonstrated two things: (1) his profound knowledge of religion (2) his biting satire
· Letter to the Young Women of Malolos- a famous letter wrote by Rizal on February 22, 1889 in
Tagalog
-this letter is to...
RIZAL AND THE LA SOLIDARIDAD NEWSPAPER
· February 15, 1889- Graciano Lopez Jaena founded the patriotic newspaper called La Solidaridad in
Barcelona
· La Solidadridad-fortnightly periodical which served as the organ of the Propaganda Movement
· Its aims were as follows: (1) to work peacefully for political and social reforms (2) to portray the
deplorable conditions of the Philippines so that Spain may remedy them (3) to oppose the evil forces of
reaction and medievalism (4) to advocate liberal ideas and progress (5) to champion the legitimate
aspirations of the Filipino people to life,...
Lunes, Setyembre 16, 2013
RIZAL’S VISIT TO THE UNITED STATES (1888)
· April 28, 1888- the steamer Belgic, with Rizal on board, docked at San Francisco on Saturday morning
· May 4, 1888- Friday afternoon, the day Rizal was permitted to go ashore
· Palace Hotel- Rizal registered here which was then considered a first-class hotel in the city
· Rizal stayed in San Francisco for two days—May 4 to 6, 1888
· May 6, 1888-Sunday, 4:30PM, Rizal left San Francisco for Oakland
· May 13, 1888-Sunday morning, Rizal reached New York, thus ending his trip across the American
continent
· Rizal stayed three days in this city, which...
ROMANTIC INTERLUDE IN JAPAN (1888)
-One of the happiest interludes in the life of Rizal was his sojourn in the Land of the Cherry Blossoms for one month and a half (February 28-April 13, 1888)
· February 28, 1888- early in the morning of Tuesday, Rizal arrived in Yokohama. He registered at the
Grand Hotel
· Tokyo Hotel- Rizal stayed here from March 2 to March 7
· Rizal wrote to Professor Blumentritt: “Tokyo is more expensive then Paris. The walls are built in
cyclopean manner. The streets are large and wide.”
· Juan Perez Caballero-secretary of the Spanish Legation, who visited...
IN HONGKONG AND MACAO (1888)
-Hounded by powerful enemies, Rizal was forced to leave his country for a second time in February 1888. He was then a full-grown man of 27 years of age, a practicing physician, and a recognized man-of-letters
THE TRIP TO HONGKONG
· February 3, 1888-Rizal left Manila for Hong Kong on board the Zafiro
· February 7, 1888- Zafiro made a brief stopover at Amoy
· Rizal did not get off his ship at Amoy for three reasons: (1) he was not feeling well (2) it was raining hard (3) he heard that the city was dirty
· February 8, 1888- Rizal arrived in Hong...
STORM OVER THE NOLI ME TANGERE
· Governor General Emilio Terrero (1885-1888)-requesting Rizal to come to Malacańang Palace
· Don Jose Taviel de Andrade-a young Spanish lieutenant assigned by Governor General Terrero to
posed as bodyguard of Rizal
· Msgr. Pedro Payo (a Dominican)- sent a copy of Noli to Father Rector Gregorio Echavarria of the
University of Sto. Tomas for examination by a committee of the faculty
· The report of the faculty members of University of Santo Tomas stated that the Noli was “heretical,
impious, and scandalous in the religious order and anti-patriotic,...
FIRST HOMECOMING (1887-1888)
-Because of the publication of the Noli Me Tangere and the uproar it caused among the friars, Rizal was warned by Paciano (his brother), Silvestre Ubaldo (his brother-in-law), Chengoy (Jose M. Cecilio) and other friends not to return home.
-Rizal was determined to return to the Philippines for the following reasons: (1) to operate on his mother’s eyes (2) to serve his people who had long been oppressed by Spanish tyrants (3) to find out for himself how Noli and his other writings were affecting Filipinos and Spaniards in the Philippines and (4)...
RIZAL IN ITALY
· June 27, 1887- Rizal reached Rome, the “Eternal City” and also called the “City of the Caesars”
· Rizal was thrilled by the sights and memories of the Eternal City. Describing to Blumentritt, the “grandeur that was Rome”, he wrote on June 27, 1887
· June 29, 1887- the Feast Day of St. Peter and St. Paul, Rizal visited for the first time the Vatican, the
“City of the Popes” and the capital of Christendom
· Every night, after sightseeing the whole day, Rizal returned to his hotel, very tired. “I am tired as a dog,” he wrote to Blumentritt, “but...
RIZAL’S GRAND TOUR OF EUROPE WITH VIOLA (1887)
· May 11, 1887- Rizal and Viola left Berlin by train
· Dresden- one of the best cities in Germany
· Prometheus Bound-painting wherein Rizal was deeply impressed
· Teschen (now Decin, Czechoslovakia)- next stopover after leaving Dresedn
LEITMERITZ
· At 1:30pm of May 13, 1887- the train, with Rizal and Viola on board, arrived at the railroad station of
Leitmeritz, Bohemia
-for the first time, the two great scholars—Rizal and Blumentritt—met in person
· Professor Blumentritt- a kind-hearted, old Austrian professor
· May 13 to May 16, 1887- Rizal...
NOLI ME TANGERE PUBLISHED IN BERLIN (1887)
-The bleak winter of 1886 in Berlin was Rizal’s darkest winter because no money arrived from Calamba and he was flat broke. The diamond ring which his sister, Saturnina, gave him was in the pawnshop. It was memorable in the life of Rizal for two reasons (1) it was a painful episode for he was hungry, sick and despondent in a strange city (2) it brought him great joy after enduring s
o much sufferings, because his first novel, Noli Me Tangere...
PARIS TO BERLIN (1885-1887)
-Rizal went to Paris and Germany in order to specialize in ophthalmology—Rizal chose this branch of medicine because he wanted to cure his mother’s eye ailment
IN GAY PARIS (1885-1886)
· Maximo Viola- a medical student and a member of a rich family of San Miguel, Bulacan, Rizal’s friend
· Señor Eusebio Corominas- editor of the newspaper La Publicidad and made a crayon sketch of Don
Miguel Morayta, owner of La Publicidad and a stasman
· Rizal gave Editor Corominas an article on the Carolines Question, then a controversial issue, for
publication
·...
FIRST VISIT TO PARIS (1883)
-During his first summer vacation in Madrid, Rizal went to Paris, gay capital of France
-The prices of food, drinks, theatre, tickets, laundry, hotel accommodations, and transportation were too high for Rizal’s slender purse so that he commented in a letter to his family: “Paris is the costliest capital in Europe.”
· June 17 to August 20, 1883- Rizal sojourn in Paris
· Hotel de Paris- located on 37 Rue de Maubange wherein Rizal billeted but later, he moved to a cheaper
hotel on 124 Rue de Rennes in the Latin Quarter
· Laennec Hospital- where Rizal...
LIFE IN MADRID
· November 3, 1882- Rizal enrolled in the Universidad Central de Madrid (Central University of Madrid) in two courses—Medicine and Philosophy and Letters
· Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando- Rizal studied painting and sculpture
· Rizal’s only extravagance was investing a few pesetas for a lottery ticket in every draw of the Madrid
Lottery
· Rizal spent his leisure time reading and writing at his boarding house, attending the reunions of Filipino students at the house of the Paterno brothers (Antonio, Maximo and Pedro) and practicing fencing...
IN SUNNY SPAIN (1882-1885)
-After finishing the 4th year of the medical course in the University of Santo Tomas, Rizal decided to complete his studies in Spain
-Aside from completing his studies in Spain, Rizal has his “secret mission”—was to observe keenly the life and culture, languages and customs, industries and commerce, and government and laws of the European nations in order to prepare himself in the mighty task of liberating his oppressed people from Spanish tyranny
-This Rizalian secret mission was likewise disclosed by Paciano in his letter to his younger brother...
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